A. Major Points and Concepts
Naming Of Compounds
-1. A compound can contain a metal and a nonmetal.
-2. A compound can contain 2 nonmetals.
Naming Binary Compounds
-Binary Ionic Compound contain a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion).
Two types of Ionic Compound
-Type 1-the metal will only have one charge.
-Type 2-the metal can form two or more cation that have different charges.
Rule for naming type 1 ionic compounds
-The cation is always named first and the anion named second.
-Cation will have the same name as the element. Anion will have an ide ending.
-There are some exceptions with polyatomic ions.
Type 2 Binary Ionic Compound
-This set deals more with the transition metals.
-Transition metals can have more than one charge.
-These compounds will have systematic names identifying what type of charge is on the metal atom.
- To name: Metal name(roman numeral) anion name.
Type 3 Compound
-These compounds contain 2 or more nonmetals that are covalently bonded.
Rules for type 3
-The first element in the formula is named first and the full element name is used.
-The second element is named as though it was an anion.
-Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms.
-The pre-fix mono is never used for naming the first element.
Prefixes
-mono-1
-di-2
-tri-3
-tetra-4
-penta-5
-hexa-6
-hepta-7
-octa-8Polyatomic Ions
-These ions contain more than one atom.
-These polyatomic ions are used as discrete units.
-You can use either type 1 or type 2 naming schemes.
-Remember, the nomenclature is based on the cation.
Polyatomic Ions
-NH4+ ammonium
-NO2- nitrite
-NO3- nitrate
-SO32- sulfite
-SO42- sulfate
-HSO4- hydrogen sulfate
-OH- hydroxide
-CN- cyanide
-PO43- phosphate
-HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
-H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate
-CO32- carbonate
-HCO3- hydrogen carbonate
-ClO- hypochlorite
-ClO2- chlorite
-ClO3- chlorate
-ClO4- perchlorate
-C2H3O2- acetate
-MnO4- permanganate
-Cr2O7-2 dichromate
-CrO42- chromate
-O2-2 peroxide
Acids
Acids can be initially described as molecules that will release one
Rule for naming Acids
-HF instead of hydrogen Fluoride
-drop the ide and it will become ic acid and add hydro to the prefix.
Namid Acids with Oxygen
-Determine the anion.
-Determine the name.
-If the name has ATE ending change it to IC.
-If the name has ITE ending change it to OUS.
Also add at the end of the word acid.
-1. A compound can contain a metal and a nonmetal.
-2. A compound can contain 2 nonmetals.
Naming Binary Compounds
-Binary Ionic Compound contain a positive ion (cation) and a negative ion (anion).
Two types of Ionic Compound
-Type 1-the metal will only have one charge.
-Type 2-the metal can form two or more cation that have different charges.
Rule for naming type 1 ionic compounds
-The cation is always named first and the anion named second.
-Cation will have the same name as the element. Anion will have an ide ending.
-There are some exceptions with polyatomic ions.
Type 2 Binary Ionic Compound
-This set deals more with the transition metals.
-Transition metals can have more than one charge.
-These compounds will have systematic names identifying what type of charge is on the metal atom.
- To name: Metal name(roman numeral) anion name.
Type 3 Compound
-These compounds contain 2 or more nonmetals that are covalently bonded.
Rules for type 3
-The first element in the formula is named first and the full element name is used.
-The second element is named as though it was an anion.
-Prefixes are used to denote the number of atoms.
-The pre-fix mono is never used for naming the first element.
Prefixes
-mono-1
-di-2
-tri-3
-tetra-4
-penta-5
-hexa-6
-hepta-7
-octa-8Polyatomic Ions
-These ions contain more than one atom.
-These polyatomic ions are used as discrete units.
-You can use either type 1 or type 2 naming schemes.
-Remember, the nomenclature is based on the cation.
Polyatomic Ions
-NH4+ ammonium
-NO2- nitrite
-NO3- nitrate
-SO32- sulfite
-SO42- sulfate
-HSO4- hydrogen sulfate
-OH- hydroxide
-CN- cyanide
-PO43- phosphate
-HPO42- hydrogen phosphate
-H2PO4- dihydrogen phosphate
-CO32- carbonate
-HCO3- hydrogen carbonate
-ClO- hypochlorite
-ClO2- chlorite
-ClO3- chlorate
-ClO4- perchlorate
-C2H3O2- acetate
-MnO4- permanganate
-Cr2O7-2 dichromate
-CrO42- chromate
-O2-2 peroxide
Acids
Acids can be initially described as molecules that will release one
Rule for naming Acids
-HF instead of hydrogen Fluoride
-drop the ide and it will become ic acid and add hydro to the prefix.
Namid Acids with Oxygen
-Determine the anion.
-Determine the name.
-If the name has ATE ending change it to IC.
-If the name has ITE ending change it to OUS.
Also add at the end of the word acid.