A. Major Points and Concepts Section
Matter- stuff of which the universe is composed
-all matter has two characteristics (mass and matter that occupy space)
Properties of matter-
-physical properties- characteristic of a substance as it exists that can be observed and measured; two types
-extrinsic are physical properties such as mass, length, dimensions, and volume
-intrinsic are physical properties such as density, odor, boiling point, hardness, color, states of matter, and melting point
-chemical properties are the ability to form new substances under given conditions
Physical and Chemical Change-
-all matter can go into physical and chemical changes
-with water, the ice, water, and steam are made of H2O
-difference between 3 states of matter is spacing of molecule and how ridged the spacing of the molecule is
-physical changes do not change the identity of a substance
Conservation of Mass
-matter can not be be created or destroyed, can be converted into different form
-atom is smalled basic unit of matter
-element is pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom (distinguished by atomic number)
-proton has positive charge
-neutrons have no charge
-electron has negative charge
-compound is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded in a certain ratio
-one type of compound will always have same combination of atoms
Mixures and Pure Substances
-most matter consists of a mixture of substances
-soil for example, you can see the different parts of it such as clay, sand, and plant remnants
-air is a mixture of gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor)
-definition of mixture- material that have a variables of composition and is not chemically bonded (ex. dirt, air, coffee, salad)
-definition of pure substance- materials that always have the same composions; can be elements or
compounds (ex. pure water, H2O, CO2, C)
-mixtures can be separated into pure substances as elements or compounds
-homogeneous mixture is the same proportion throughout the material
-heterogeneous mixture has regions of different proportions
-the two types of separation of mixtures are distillation and filtration
-distillation is a method that uses idea of heating solutions to separate different liquids and some solids (ex.
boiling point)
-filtration separates a liquid from a solid
-in separation methods, no chemical changes occur; physical methods to purify mixture
-all matter has two characteristics (mass and matter that occupy space)
Properties of matter-
-physical properties- characteristic of a substance as it exists that can be observed and measured; two types
-extrinsic are physical properties such as mass, length, dimensions, and volume
-intrinsic are physical properties such as density, odor, boiling point, hardness, color, states of matter, and melting point
-chemical properties are the ability to form new substances under given conditions
Physical and Chemical Change-
-all matter can go into physical and chemical changes
-with water, the ice, water, and steam are made of H2O
-difference between 3 states of matter is spacing of molecule and how ridged the spacing of the molecule is
-physical changes do not change the identity of a substance
Conservation of Mass
-matter can not be be created or destroyed, can be converted into different form
-atom is smalled basic unit of matter
-element is pure chemical substance consisting of one type of atom (distinguished by atomic number)
-proton has positive charge
-neutrons have no charge
-electron has negative charge
-compound is a substance made of atoms of different elements bonded in a certain ratio
-one type of compound will always have same combination of atoms
Mixures and Pure Substances
-most matter consists of a mixture of substances
-soil for example, you can see the different parts of it such as clay, sand, and plant remnants
-air is a mixture of gases (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor)
-definition of mixture- material that have a variables of composition and is not chemically bonded (ex. dirt, air, coffee, salad)
-definition of pure substance- materials that always have the same composions; can be elements or
compounds (ex. pure water, H2O, CO2, C)
-mixtures can be separated into pure substances as elements or compounds
-homogeneous mixture is the same proportion throughout the material
-heterogeneous mixture has regions of different proportions
-the two types of separation of mixtures are distillation and filtration
-distillation is a method that uses idea of heating solutions to separate different liquids and some solids (ex.
boiling point)
-filtration separates a liquid from a solid
-in separation methods, no chemical changes occur; physical methods to purify mixture