A. Major Points and Concepts
Solution
Solution is a homogenous mixture.
A mixture in which the compounds are uniformly intermingled.
They are mixed well so that you can't see the parts.
Solution
2 parts of a solution
solvent-substance that present in the largest amount
solute-substance present in a small amount when compared to a substance that is present in a large amount
Aqueous Solutions
are solutions with water as a solvent
Water is always the solvent
Salt Water
NaCl is solute and water is solvent
Solubility
Ionic compound will dissolve in water since ionic compounds are made up of cation + and anion -
Water
Water will also dissolve many nonionic compounds.
Polar compounds will dissolve in water.
Compounds that will contain charges (+ or -)
Water and Sugar
For water and sugar, you always try to find the hydroxyl (OH) groups
Water and Solubility
Not all things are soluble in water.
Non-polar molecules will not dissolve into polar solution.
Like dissolves Like
polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
polar substances and nonpolar substances generally remain separate
Electronegativity
The relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.
Solution ConcentrationEvery soluble substance will have a limit on how much solute will go into a solution.
When this happens, the solution is called saturated.
If you had more solute after the saturation point then it will stay solid.
Unsaturated solution-this type of solution occurs with a solution that has not reached the limit of the solute.
Solution Composition
Qualitative Terms
Concentrated solution
Dilute solution
mass percent= mass of solute/mass of solution x 100
Molarity
Molarity is represented by M. It is mol/L.
Dilutions
CfVf=CiVi
C must be M
V must be mL or L
Solution is a homogenous mixture.
A mixture in which the compounds are uniformly intermingled.
They are mixed well so that you can't see the parts.
Solution
2 parts of a solution
solvent-substance that present in the largest amount
solute-substance present in a small amount when compared to a substance that is present in a large amount
Aqueous Solutions
are solutions with water as a solvent
Water is always the solvent
Salt Water
NaCl is solute and water is solvent
Solubility
Ionic compound will dissolve in water since ionic compounds are made up of cation + and anion -
Water
Water will also dissolve many nonionic compounds.
Polar compounds will dissolve in water.
Compounds that will contain charges (+ or -)
Water and Sugar
For water and sugar, you always try to find the hydroxyl (OH) groups
Water and Solubility
Not all things are soluble in water.
Non-polar molecules will not dissolve into polar solution.
Like dissolves Like
polar solvents dissolve polar solutes
nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar solutes
polar substances and nonpolar substances generally remain separate
Electronegativity
The relative ability of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself.
Solution ConcentrationEvery soluble substance will have a limit on how much solute will go into a solution.
When this happens, the solution is called saturated.
If you had more solute after the saturation point then it will stay solid.
Unsaturated solution-this type of solution occurs with a solution that has not reached the limit of the solute.
Solution Composition
Qualitative Terms
Concentrated solution
Dilute solution
mass percent= mass of solute/mass of solution x 100
Molarity
Molarity is represented by M. It is mol/L.
Dilutions
CfVf=CiVi
C must be M
V must be mL or L